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2021-09-03 17:40:06 +02:00
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segmento SEGMENT para PUBLIC 'CODE'
ASSUME DS:segmento, CS:segmento
ORG 100h
principal PROC NEAR
call Borra
mov ah, 02h
mov dh, 11
mov dl, 30
mov bh, 00h
int 10h
mov ah, 09h
mov dx, OFFSET MensajeSaludo
int 21h
mov ah, 00h
int 16h
call Borra
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
principal ENDP
Borra PROC NEAR
mov ax, 0600h
mov bh, 07h
mov cx, 0000h
mov dx, 184fh
int 10h
ret
Borra ENDP
MensajeSaludo DB '<27>Hola Mundo!$'
segmento ENDS
END principal

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Start Stop Length Name Class
00000H 00139H 0013AH SEGMENTO CODE
Program entry point at 0000:0100
Warning: No stack

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segmento SEGMENT
ASSUME DS:segmento
ORG 100h
principal PROC NEAR
call Borra
mov ah, 02h
mov dh, 11
mov dl, 30
mov bh, 00h
int 10h
mov ah, 09h
mov dx, OFFSET MensajeSaludo
int 21h
mov ah, 00h
int 16h
call Borra
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
principal ENDP
Borra PROC NEAR
push ax ; Se almacenan en la pila los registros que va a utilizar
push bx ; la subrutina. El valor de SP disminuye en 4 * 2 = 8
push cx ; unidades
push dx
mov ax, 0600h ; Se borra la pantalla
mov bh, 07h
mov cx, 0000h
mov dx, 184fh
int 10h
pop dx ; Se recuperan los valores de los registros, de forma que
pop cx ; al volver el control de la ejecuci<63>n al m<>dulo principal
pop bx ; <20>stos almacenen los valores que pose<73>an antes de la
pop ax ; llamada al procedimiento. SP se incrementa en 4 * 2 = 8
; unidades
ret
Borra ENDP
MensajeSaludo DB '<27>Hola Mundo!$'
segmento ENDS
END principal


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segmento SEGMENT
ASSUME DS:segmento
ORG 100h
principal PROC NEAR
mov ax, OFFSET Cadena1
push ax
mov al, 1eh
push ax
call VerCadena
mov ah, 00h ; Se acepta una tecla
int 16h
mov ax, OFFSET Cadena2
push ax
mov al, 21h
push ax
call VerCadena
mov ah, 00h ; Se acepta una tecla
int 16h
mov ax, OFFSET Cadena3
push ax
mov al, 34h
push ax
call VerCadena
mov ah, 00h ; Se acepta una tecla
int 16h
mov ax, OFFSET Cadena4
push ax
mov al, 42h
push ax
call VerCadena
mov ah, 00h ; Se acepta una tecla
int 16h
mov ax, OFFSET Fin
push ax
mov al, 07h
push ax
call VerCadena
mov ah, 00h ; Se acepta una tecla
int 16h
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
principal ENDP
VerCadena PROC NEAR
push bp
mov bp, sp
push bx ; Se almacenan en la pila los registros que va a utilizar
push cx ; la subrutina. El valor de SP disminuye en 3 * 2 = 6
push dx ; unidades
; Por otro lado, cuando se sabe que el registro AX es el
; empleado para pasar los par<61>metros, no es necesario
; salvarlo
mov ax, 0600h ; Se borra la pantalla empleando el atributo
mov bh, [bp+4] ; pasado como par<61>metro mediante el registro AL,
mov cx, 0000h ; almacenado ahora en la pila y recuperado con
mov dx, 184fh ; la instrucci<63>n MOV BH, [BP+4]
int 10h
mov ah, 02h ; Se posiciona el cursor en (25,11)
mov bh, 00h
mov dh, 11
mov dl, 25
int 10h
mov ah, 09h
mov dx, [bp+6] ; El desplazamiento de la cadena que se va a visualizar
int 21h ; se mueve a DX
pop dx ; Se recuperan los valores de los registros, de forma que
pop cx ; al volver el control de la ejecuci<63>n al m<>dulo principal
pop bx ; <20>stos almacenen los valores que pose<73>an antes de la
; llamada al procedimiento. SP se incrementa en 3 * 2 = 6
; unidades
pop bp ; Se restaura BP
ret 4
VerCadena ENDP
Cadena1 DB 'Primera cadena que se visualiza$'
Cadena2 DB 'Segunda cadena que se visualiza$'
Cadena3 DB 'Tercera cadena que se visualiza$'
Cadena4 DB 'Cuarta cadena que se visualiza$'
Fin DB 'Fin del programa ejemplo$'
segmento ENDS
END principal


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segmento SEGMENT
ASSUME DS:segmento
ORG 100h
principal PROC NEAR
mov ax, Numero
push ax
mov ax, OFFSET Producto
push ax
call Multiplica
mov ah, 4ch
int 21h
principal ENDP
Multiplica PROC NEAR
push bp ; se salva BP
mov bp, sp ; se hace que BP apunte a la zona de par<61>metros
sub sp, 2 ; se crea espacio para una variable local de 2 bytes
push si ; se salva SI
mov si, [bp+4] ; se mueve a SI el desplazamiento del campo resultado
mov ax, [bp+6] ; se mueve a AX el n<>mero que va a ser multiplicado por 9,5
shr ax, 1 ; se divide el n<>mero entre 2
mov [bp-2], ax ; se guarda el resultado en la variable local
mov ax, [bp+6] ; se mueve a AX de nuevo el n<>mero que va a ser multiplicado por 9,5
shl ax, 1 ; se multiplica AX por 8 por el m<>todo de los desplazamientos
shl ax, 1
shl ax, 1
add ax, [bp+6] ; se suma el resultado de la multiplicaci<63>n con el
; n<>mero para obtener el producto de <20>ste por 9
add ax, [bp-2] ; se suma la mitad del n<>mero original al resultado de
; multiplicar por 9
mov [si], ax ; se mueve al campo resultado
pop si ; se recupera el valor inicial de SI
mov sp, bp ; se elimina la variable local
pop bp ; se recupera el valor inicial de BP
ret 4 ; finaliza el proceso restaurando la pila
Multiplica ENDP
Numero WORD 1000h
Producto WORD ?
segmento ENDS
END principal


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THE ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLER
Public Domain Version 1.00D
User's Guide
The Arrowsoft Assembler Program and Manual are both
Copyright (C) 1986 by Arrowsoft Systems, Inc.
554 West Sixth Avenue
Larkview, MO 66069
Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
INTRODUCTION
Thank you for trying out the public domain version of our
Arrowsoft Assembler. We feel that the best way to alert you, the
programmer, to our fine line of professional products is to let
you use one. Once you have experienced the high quality and ease
of use of this free product, we hope that you will contact us
regarding our other software (our address is on the cover of this
manual).
You will no doubt notice that this manual is not exhaustive; in
fact, it includes the least amount of information we felt we
could include without robbing the program of its usefulness.
There are two reasons for the brevity of this manual: First, we
have targeted professional software developers with our products,
and we suspect that an experienced professional will have no
trouble figuring out how to use the Arrowsoft Assembler with the
information given; second, the program is, after all, free and we
feel that the quality of this assembler will more that compensate
you for the time you spend learning to use it.
Please note that this is NOT a supported product. If you contact
us, we will be happy to discuss our line of software but we will
NOT answer questions about the Arrowsoft Assembler.
Again, we thank you for giving our product a try.
(NOTE: 'Microsoft' and 'Microsoft Macro Assembler' are trademarks
of Microsoft Corporation. 'Arrowsoft', 'Arrowsoft Professional
Assembler' and 'Super Link' are trademarks of Arrowsoft Systems,
Inc.)
OVERVIEW
The Arrowsoft Assembler takes as its input 8086, 8088, 80186 and
80286 assembly language source files and produces relocatable
object modules which may be linked and run under the MS-DOS and
PC-DOS operating systems. The syntax of the input files is a
superset of that accepted by the Microsoft Macro Assembler
(versions 3.0 and later). In fact, most programs written for the
Microsoft product should assemble without modification with the
Arrowsoft Assembler.
The remaining sections of this manual will cover, in this order,
assembler command line options, input language specifications,
linking and execution of assembled object modules, and assembler
error messages.
INVOKING THE ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLER
You may run the Arrowsoft Assembler interactively or directly
from the DOS command line. To invoke the assembler
interactively, simply type
-1-
Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
asm
at the DOS prompt and follow the ensuing instructions. To run
the assembler non-interactively, use the following syntax:
asm source [,object] [,list] [,xref] [options] [;]
where 'source' is a filespec for the source file (default
extension .ASM), 'object' is a filespec for the object file
(default extension .OBJ), 'list' is a filespec for the listing
file (default extension .LST) and 'xref' is a filespec for the
cross-reference file (default extension .CRF). Note that all
filespecs may consist of a drive letter, a pathname, a filename
and an extension. If the object file is not specified, the
assembler will use the source filename with the .OBJ extension.
If the list and cross-reference files are not specified, the
assembler will not produce them. Finally, the semicolon (;) will
force the assembler to assume default values for any unspecified
parameters.
OPTION CODES
The options list consists of a sequence of option codes. These
option codes consist of a slash (/) or dash (-) followed by one
or more letters, case being insignificant. Most of these options
are compatible with Microsoft conventions.
/A Write segments in alphabetical order
/Bnumber Set buffer size
/Dsymbol Define assembler symbol
/E Generate 8087/80287 emulator code
/Ipath Set 'include' search path
/ML Case sensitive internal labels
/MX Case sensitive external and public labels
/MU Convert labels to uppercase
/R Generate 8087/80287 floating point code
/S Write segments in source code order
/X Include false conditionals in listing
/Z Display error lines on screen
Many of these command line options are self explanatory; for
whose which aren't, see the descriptions below:
/B Set Buffer Size
Sets the size of the buffer used to hold the source file during
assembly. The 'number' is the number of 1K pages reserved for
use as a buffer. You may set the buffer size to any value
between 1K and 63K; default buffer size is 32K. Note that a
larger buffer can speed assembly of large files considerably.
/E Generate 8087/80287 Emulator Code
-2-
Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide
If you are writing programs for use with the 8087/80287 numeric
processor on a machine which does not have the processor, and you
have an 8087/80287 emulator library available, the /E option
directs the assembler to generate code for the emulator.
/I Set 'include' file search paths
You may direct the assembler to search up to 5 directories for
'include' files by including a '/Ipath' command for EACH of
them. For example, to set the search paths '\bin\lib' and
'\asm\lib', include the following in your options list:
/I\bin\lib/I\asm\lib.
/R
This option directs the assembler to generate floating point code
for the 8087/80287 numeric processor. Note that programs
assembled with the '/R' option will run ONLY on machines which
have an 8087/80287 installed.
ARROWSOFT ASSEMBLY LANGUAGE
As we mentioned earlier, the Arrowsoft Assembly Language is a
superset of the well-known Microsoft Macro Assembler Language. We
modeled our system after Microsoft's for two reasons: First, the
language has a flexible and moderately powerful macro facility;
second, and for this public domain project most important, there
is a plethora of third-party books which explain how to program
using the Microsoft product. We recommend that you purchase one
of these guides if you are not familiar with 8086 assembly
language. If you would like to take advantage of the many
extensions to the Microsoft Language we have implemented in the
Arrowsoft Assembler, you must do one of two things: Try to figure
them out for yourself (using experimentation, disassembly or
anything else you can think of); or you can contact us about
purchasing the Arrowsoft Professional Assembler, which includes
the complete documentation. Again, please DO NOT CALL us about
the Arrowsoft Assembler; we will not answer any questions or
provide clues as to how to access the assembler's advanced
features.
LINKING AND EXECUTING ARROWSOFT OBJECT MODULES
The Arrowsoft Assembler produces relocatable object modules which
are compatible with the Microsoft 8086 Object Linker (versions
3.0 and later). This means that programs assembled by the
Arrowsoft Assembler may be linked with other Microsoft
Linker-compatible programs generated by other assemblers and
compilers. If you need more information on how to use the
Microsoft 8086 Object Linker, see your DOS or Microsoft language
manual.
-3-
Arrowsoft Assembler v1.00 User's Guide

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Start Stop Length Name Class
00000H 0001EH 0001FH PRIMERO CODE
Program entry point at 0000:0000
Warning: No stack

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#include <conio.h>
void Letrero(int AX_register );
char mi_estruct[] = "Esto solo es una prueba, de mi primer programa en Assembly JD $ 000018000000000000";
long dir_fuentes;
void main( void )
{
Letrero( 1 );
while( !kbhit() )
Letrero( 0 );
}
void Letrero(int AX_register )
{
asm{
push DS
mov AX, SEG mi_estruct
mov DS, AX
mov SI, OFFSET mi_estruct
mov AX, AX_register
//; Funci<63>n para generar un letrero digital 100 % ASM
//;
//; Entradas:
//; SI ptr a las estructura de datos 256 bytes
//;
//; 237 cadena a mostrar en el letrero: el final es $
//; 2 posici<63>n X
//; 2 posici<63>n Y
//; 1 (1nibble Escala X | 2nibble Escala Y )
//; 1 n<>mero de d<>gitos a mostrar en pantalla
//; 1 color de fondo
//; 1 color principal
//; -----------------------------------------------
//; 1 posici<63>n dentro de la cadena
//; 1 posici<63>n en el byte
//; 8 FUTURA AMPLIACI<43>N
//;
//; AX si 1, inicializa nuestra informacion
//;
//; letrero_digital PROC near //;--------------------------------------------
cmp AX, 1 //; si no hay que inicializar nada,
jne generar_digitos //; empezamos a generar los d<>gitos
mov AX, 1130h //; obtenemos la direccion del juego
mov BH, 03h //; de caracteres 8x8 de la ROM ( 0 - 127 )
int 10h //; Funci<63>n de video 10h
mov [dir_fuentes], ES //; guardamos el segmento en dir_fuentes
mov [dir_fuentes+2], BP //; guardamos el offset en dir_fuentes
mov [SI + F6h], 0 //; posicion dentro de la cadena <-- 0
mov [SI + F7h], 0 //; posicion dentro del byte <------ 0
generar_digitos:
mov BH, [ SI + F3h ] //; n<> de digitos a mostar
push [ SI + F6h ] //; guardo el contenido original de la pos.
mov BP, [ SI + F6h ] //; posicion dentro de la cadena
add BP, SI //; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [BP] //; digito a procesar
nuevo_digito:
mov AH, 0
mov CL, 3 //; multiplico por 8 AX para tener la
shl AX, CL //; posicion dentro de la ROM
add AX, dir_fuentes+2 //; cargo AX con la direccion de la letra
mov CH, 0 //; recorre las 8 filas ( 0 - 7 )
siguiente_fila:
//; **************************
mov DH, 0
mov DL, CH
add AX, DX
//; add AX, CH //; direccion por fila de la letra a recorrer
//; **************************
mov BL, dir_fuentes:[AX]//; colocamos en BL la fila del digito a tratar
mov CL, 8 //; recorre los 8 puntos horizontales
sigue_horizontal:
//; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
mov DH, [SI+238] //; coordenada x inicial
mov DL, [SI+240] //; coordenada y inicial
add DL, CH //; coordenada y final
mov AL, [SI+F3] //; n<> de digitos a mostar
sub AL, BH //; ndm - digitos que quedan = digitos mostrados
mov CL, 3 //;
shl AL, CL //; multiplico por 8 los digitos mostrados
add DH, AL //; coordenada y final
mov AH, 02h
mov BH, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
//; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
//; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
shl BL, 1 //; dezplaza 1 bit a la izquierda
jc punto_letrero_on
mov AL, 32d
jmp fin_punto
punto_letrero_on:
mov AL, 43d
fin_punto:
mov AH, 0Ah
mov BH, 1h
mov CX, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
//; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
dec CL //;
jnz sigue_horizontal //; continua hasta los 8 bit's
inc CH //;
cmp CH, 8 //;
jne siguiente_fila //; procesa las 8 filas
inc [ SI + F6h ] //; inc el puntero de posicion
mov BP, [ SI + F6h ] //; posicion dentro de la cadena
add BP, SI //; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [BP] //; digito a procesar
inc [SI + F6h] //; inc la posicion dentro de la frase
cmp AL, '$' //; si no fin de frase continuo normalmente
jne es_fin_frase //;
mov [SI + F6h], 0 //; si no, posicion de frase == 0
es_fin_frase:
dec BH //; solo visualiza los digitos que manda el
jnz nuevo_digito //; usuario.
pop [ SI + F6h ] //; restauro el contenido original de la pos.
inc [ SI + F6h ] //; actualizo la rotacion para la proxima vez
cmp AL, '$' //;
je frase_rotada //;
mov [ SI + F6h ], 0 //;
frase_rotada:
RET //; regreso de la llamada
//; letrero_digital endp
POP DS
}
}

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Codigo segment
assume cs:Codigo, ds:Datos, ss:Pila
display_frase PROC near ;--------------------------------------------
mov AX, 1
mov SI, OFFSET mi_estruct
CALL letrero_digital
mov CX, FFFFh
continua_un_rato:
push CX
mov AX, 0
CALL letrero_digital
pop CX
loop continua_un_rato
mov ax,4c00h ;no exit back to DOS
int 21h ;DOS interrupt
display_frase endp ;--------------------------------------------
; Funci<63>n para generar un letrero digital 100 % ASM
;
; Entradas:
; SI ptr a las estructura de datos 256 bytes
;
; 237 cadena a mostrar en el letrero: el final es $
; 2 posici<63>n X
; 2 posici<63>n Y
; 1 (1nibble Escala X | 2nibble Escala Y )
; 1 n<>mero de d<>gitos a mostrar en pantalla
; 1 color de fondo
; 1 color principal
; -----------------------------------------------
; 1 posici<63>n dentro de la cadena
; 1 posici<63>n en el byte
; 8 FUTURA AMPLIACI<43>N
;
; AX si 1, inicializa nuestra informacion
;
letrero_digital PROC near ;--------------------------------------------
cmp AX, 1 ; si no hay que inicializar nada,
jne generar_digitos ; empezamos a generar los d<>gitos
mov AX, 1130h ; obtenemos la direccion del juego
mov BH, 03h ; de caracteres 8x8 de la ROM ( 0 - 127 )
int 10h ; Funci<63>n de video 10h
mov dir_fuentes, ES ; guardamos el segmento en dir_fuentes
mov dir_fuentes+2, BP ; guardamos el offset en dir_fuentes
mov [SI + F6h], 0 ; posicion dentro de la cadena <-- 0
mov [SI + F7h], 0 ; posicion dentro del byte <------ 0
generar_digitos:
mov BH, [ SI + F3h ] ; n<> de digitos a mostar
push [ SI + F6h ] ; guardo el contenido original de la pos.
mov BP, [ SI + F6h ] ; posicion dentro de la cadena
add BP, SI ; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [BP] ; digito a procesar
nuevo_digito:
mov AH, 0
mov CL, 3 ; multiplico por 8 AX para tener la
shl AX, CL ; posicion dentro de la ROM
add AX, dir_fuentes+2 ; cargo AX con la direccion de la letra
mov CH, 0 ; recorre las 8 filas ( 0 - 7 )
siguiente_fila:
; **************************
mov DH, 0
mov DL, CH
add AX, DX
; add AX, CH ; direccion por fila de la letra a recorrer
; **************************
mov BL, dir_fuentes:[AX]; colocamos en BL la fila del digito a tratar
mov CL, 8 ; recorre los 8 puntos horizontales
sigue_horizontal:
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
mov DH, [SI+238] ; coordenada x inicial
mov DL, [SI+240] ; coordenada y inicial
add DL, CH ; coordenada y final
mov AL, [SI+F3] ; n<> de digitos a mostar
sub AL, BH ; ndm - digitos que quedan = digitos mostrados
mov CL, 3 ;
shl AL, CL ; multiplico por 8 los digitos mostrados
add DH, AL ; coordenada y final
mov AH, 02h
mov BH, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
shl BL, 1 ; dezplaza 1 bit a la izquierda
jc punto_letrero_on
mov AL, 32d
jmp fin_punto
punto_letrero_on:
mov AL, 43d
fin_punto:
mov AH, 0Ah
mov BH, 1h
mov CX, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
dec CL ;
jnz sigue_horizontal ; continua hasta los 8 bit's
inc CH ;
cmp CH, 8 ;
jne siguiente_fila ; procesa las 8 filas
inc [ SI + F6h ] ; inc el puntero de posicion
mov BP, [ SI + F6h ] ; posicion dentro de la cadena
add BP, SI ; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [BP] ; digito a procesar
inc [SI + F6h] ; inc la posicion dentro de la frase
cmp AL, '$' ; si no fin de frase continuo normalmente
jne es_fin_frase ;
mov [SI + F6h], 0 ; si no, posicion de frase == 0
es_fin_frase:
dec BH ; solo visualiza los digitos que manda el
jnz nuevo_digito ; usuario.
pop [ SI + F6h ] ; restauro el contenido original de la pos.
inc [ SI + F6h ] ; actualizo la rotacion para la proxima vez
cmp AL, '$' ;
je frase_rotada ;
mov [ SI + F6h ], 0 ;
frase_rotada:
RET ; regreso de la llamada
letrero_digital endp
Codigo ends
Datos segment para public 'data'
dir_fuentes qb FFFF0000h
mi_estruct db 'Esto solo es una prueba, de mi primer programa en Assembly JD $ 000018000000000000'
Datos ends
Pila segment stack 'stack'
db 1000 dup (0)
Pila ends
end

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NAME JD
PAGE 60, 130
TITLE 'MI PRIMER PROGRAMA EN ASM -->JD'
UNICO SEGMENT PARA PUBLIC 'CODE'
ORG 0100H
ASSUME CS:UNICO, DS:UNICO, ES:UNICO, SS:UNICO
mi_estruct db "Esto solo es una prueba, de mi primer programa en Assembly JD $ 000018000000000000"
diplay_frase PROC near
mov AX, 1
mov SI, OFFSET mi_estruct
CALL letrero_digital
mov CX, FFFFh
continua_un_rato:
push CX
mov AX, 0
CALL letrero_digital
pop CX
loop continua_un_rato
mov AX, 04c00h
int 21h
display_frase endp
; Funci<63>n para generar un letrero digital 100 % ASM
;
; Entradas:
; SI ptr a las estructura de datos 256 bytes
;
; 237 cadena a mostrar en el letrero: el final es $
; 2 posici<63>n X
; 2 posici<63>n Y
; 1 (1nibble Escala X | 2nibble Escala Y )
; 1 n<>mero de d<>gitos a mostrar en pantalla
; 1 color de fondo
; 1 color principal
; -----------------------------------------------
; 1 posici<63>n dentro de la cadena
; 1 posici<63>n en el byte
; 8 FUTURA AMPLIACI<43>N
;
; AX si 1, inicializa nuestra informacion
;
dir_fuentes db 4 DUP (0)
letrero_digital PROC near
cmp AX, 1 ; si no hay que inicializar nada,
jne generar_digitos ; empezamos a generar los d<>gitos
mov AX, 1130h ; obtenemos la direccion del juego
mov BH, 03h ; de caracteres 8x8 de la ROM ( 0 - 127 )
int 10h ; Funci<63>n de video 10h
mov dir_fuentes, ES ; guardamos el segmento en dir_fuentes
mov dir_fuentes+2, BP ; guardamos el offset en dir_fuentes
mov [SI + F6h], 0 ; posicion dentro de la cadena <-- 0
mov [SI + F7h], 0 ; posicion dentro del byte <------ 0
generar_digitos:
mov BH, [ SI + F3h ] ; n<> de digitos a mostar
push [ SI + F6h ] ; guardo el contenido original de la pos.
mov AX, [ SI + F6h ] ; posicion dentro de la cadena
add AX, SI ; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [AX] ; digito a procesar
nuevo_digito:
mov AH, 0
mov CL, 3 ; multiplico por 8 AX para tener la
shl AX, CL ; posicion dentro de la ROM
add AX, dir_fuentes+2 ; cargo AX con la direccion de la letra
mov CH, 0 ; recorre las 8 filas ( 0 - 7 )
siguiente_fila:
add AX, CH ; direccion por fila de la letra a recorrer
mov BL, dir_fuentes:[AX]; colocamos en BL la fila del digito a tratar
mov CL, 8 ; recorre los 8 puntos horizontales
sigue_horizontal:
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
mov DH, [SI+238] ; coordenada x inicial
mov DL, [SI+240] ; coordenada y inicial
add DL, CH ; coordenada y final
mov AL, [SI+F3] ; n<> de digitos a mostar
sub AL, BH ; ndm - digitos que quedan = digitos mostrados
mov CL, 3 ;
shl AL, CL ; multiplico por 8 los digitos mostrados
add DH, AL ; coordenada y final
mov AH, 02h
mov BH, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
push AX push BX push CX
shl BL, 1 ; dezplaza 1 bit a la izquierda
jc punto_letrero_on
mov AL, 32d
jmp fin_punto
punto_letrero_on:
mov AL, 43d
fin_punto:
mov AH, 0Ah
mov BH, 1h
mov CX, 1h
int 10h
pop CX pop BX pop AX
; ************************** muestro en (x,y) un punto o un espacio
dec CL ;
jnz sigue_horizontal ; continua hasta los 8 bit's
inc CH ;
cmp CH, 8 ;
jne siguiente_fila ; procesa las 8 filas
inc [ SI + F6h ] ; inc el puntero de posicion
mov AX, [ SI + F6h ] ; posicion dentro de la cadena
add AX, SI ; posicion del digito a procesar
mov AL, [AX] ; digito a procesar
inc [SI + F6h] ; inc la posicion dentro de la frase
cmp AL, '$' ; si no fin de frase continuo normalmente
jne es_fin_frase ;
mov [SI + F6h], 0 ; si no, posicion de frase == 0
es_fin_frase:
dec BH ; solo visualiza los digitos que manda el
jnz nuevo_digito ; usuario.
pop [ SI + F6h ] ; restauro el contenido original de la pos.
inc [ SI + F6h ] ; actualizo la rotacion para la proxima vez
cmp AL, '$' ;
je frase_rotada ;
mov [ SI + F6h ], 0 ;
frase_rotada:
RET ; regreso de la llamada
letrero_digital endp
UNICO ends
end

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primero segment para public 'CODE'
assume cs:primero, ds:primero, ss:primero
inicial proc near
mov DX, offset ds:cadenatexto
mov AH, 09h
int 21h
mov ax, 04c00h
int 21h
inicial endp
cadenatexto db "Esto es una prueba$"
primero ends
end

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; BROWSE.ASM -- Full Screen File Pager
; ====================================
CSEG Segment para public 'code'
Assume CS:CSEG, DS:CSEG, ES:CSEG, SS:CSEG
Org 0080h
Parameter Label Byte
Org 0100h
Entry: Jmp Begin
; All Data
; --------
db 'ATTR='
Attribute db 0 ; Current screen attribute
db 'SHIFT='
ShiftHoriz db 8 ; Horizontal shift screen default
DosVersionFail db 'Requires DOS 2.0 or above$'
NoSpaceFail db 'Not enough memory$'
FileFail db 'File Not Found$'
ScreenFail db 'Unsupported video mode$'
Delimiters db 9,' ,;=/' ; Delimiters in parameter
FileHandle dw ? ; Use for saving file handle
WSMode db 0FFh ; AND value for non-WordStar mode
LineLength db ? ; Length of line (from BIOS)
NumberLines db 25,0 ; Number of lines (check EGA BIOS)
ScreenSize dw ? ; Size of screen in bytes
CheckRetrace db 1 ; Flag zero if EGA or MONO used
Addr6845 dw ? ; Could use for retrace check
ScreenAddr Label DWord ; Address of screen
ScreenOff dw 0 ; Higher for non-page 0
ScreenSeg dw 0B800h ; Set to B000h for Mono Mode 7
ScreenStart dw ? ; Points within buffer
EndOfFile dw ? ; Points within buffer
FileOffset dw -1, -1 ; Address within file of buffer data
HorizOffset dw 0 ; Horizontal offset for display
RightMargin dw 0 ; Right margin for offset display
Dispatch dw Home, Up, PgUp, Dummy, Left
dw Dummy, Right, Dummy, Ending, Down, PgDn
; Check DOS Version for 2.0 or above
; ----------------------------------
Begin: Cld ; All string directions forward
Mov AH,30h
Int 21h ; Get DOS Version Number
Cmp AL,2 ; Check for 2.0 or later
Jae DOSVerOK
Mov DX,Offset DOSVersionFail
ErrorExit: Mov AH,9 ; Write error message
Int 21h
Int 20h
; Parse Command Line to get File Name and WordStar flag
; -----------------------------------------------------
DOSVerOK: Mov SI,1 + Offset Parameter ; Points to parameter
NameSearch: Lodsb ; Get byte
Cmp AL,13 ; Check if carriage return
Jz NoFileFound ; If so, no file name
Mov DI,Offset Delimiters ; String of delimiters
Mov CX,5 ; Number of delimiters (no /)
Repne Scasb ; See if a match
Je NameSearch ; If a delimiter, keep looking
Mov DX,SI ; Otherwise found file name
Dec DX ; Points to beginning of it
EndSearch: Lodsb ; Get next byte
Cmp AL,13 ; See if carriage return
Je GotFileEnd ; If so, we're all done
Mov DI,Offset Delimiters ; String of delimiters
Mov CX,6 ; Number (including /)
Repne Scasb ; See if a match
Jne EndSearch ; If not, still in file name
Mov Byte Ptr [SI - 1],0 ; If so, mark end of file name
Jcxz GotFlag ; If slash, check for W
Jmp EndSearch ; Or continue flag search
GotFlag: Lodsb ; Get byte after / flag
Or AL,20h ; Uncapitalize
Cmp AL,'w' ; See if w for WordStar mode
Jnz GotFileEnd ; If not, just ignore it
Mov [WSMode],7Fh ; AND value for WordStar
; Open the File
; -------------
GotFileEnd: Mov Byte Ptr [SI - 1],0 ; Mark end of file name
; DX still points to name
Mov AX,3D00h ; Open file for reading
Int 21h ; by calling DOS
Jnc GotTheFile ; If no error, continue
NoFileFound: Mov DX,Offset FileFail ; Otherwise print a message
Jmp ErrorExit
GotTheFile: Mov [FileHandle],AX ; Save the file handle
; Get Screen Mode Information from BIOS Data Area
; -----------------------------------------------
Push ES ; Save register
Sub AX,AX
Mov ES,AX ; Set ES to 0 (BIOS Data)
Mov AL,ES:[0449h] ; Current Video Mode
Cmp AL,3 ; Check if Color Alpha
Jbe DisplayOK ; Continue if so
Cmp AL,7 ; Check if monochrome display
Je Monochrome ; If so, branch
Mov DX,Offset ScreenFail ; We can't handle graphics
Jmp ErrorExit ; So print an error message
Monochrome: Mov [ScreenSeg],0B000h ; Use Monochrome Segment
Mov [CheckRetrace],0 ; Don't have to check retrace
DisplayOK: Mov AL,ES:[044Ah] ; Number of Columns
Mov [LineLength],AL ; Save it
Mov AX,ES:[044Eh] ; Offset into screen buffer
Mov [ScreenOff],AX ; Save it
Mov AX,ES:[0463h] ; Address of 6845 Regsiter
Mov [Addr6845],AX ; Save it
Push ES
Sub DL,DL ; Set Rows to zero first
Sub BH,BH
Mov AX,1130h ; EGA BIOS: Get Information
Int 10h
Pop ES
Or DL,DL ; Check if DL is still zero
Jz NoEGA ; If so, skip rest of stuff
Inc DL
Mov [NumberLines],DL ; Save Number of Lines
Test Byte Ptr ES:[0487h],4 ; Check if must check retrace
Jnz NoEGA
Mov [CheckRetrace],0 ; EGA says we don't have to
NoEGA: Mov BH,ES:[0462h] ; Get Current Page (use later)
Pop ES
Mov AL,[LineLength] ; Length of each line
Mul [NumberLines] ; Total chars on screen
Add AX,AX ; Double for attributes
Mov [ScreenSize],AX ; And Save it
; See if enough memory is left
; ----------------------------
Add AX,Offset ScreenHold ; Add ScreenSize to code end
Add AX,256 ; Add a little stack room
Cmp AX,SP ; Check against stack pointer
Jbe GotEnufMemory ; Continue if OK
Mov DX,Offset NoSpaceFail ; Otherwise end program
Jmp ErrorExit ; with error messae
; Get Current Screen Attribute
; ----------------------------
GotEnufMemory: Cmp [Attribute],0 ; Check if attribute pre-set
Jnz GotAttribute ; If so, move on
Mov DL,' ' ; Write out a byte
Mov AH,2 ; using DOS
Int 21h
Mov AL,8 ; Now backspace
Mov AH,14 ; using BIOS call
Int 10h
Mov AH,8 ; Read character & attribute
Int 10h ; using BIOS call (BH = pg)
Mov [Attribute],AH ; And save attribute
; Save Current Screen
; -------------------
GotAttribute: Mov DX,Offset Terminate ; Set Ctrl-Break exit
Mov AX,2523h ; to terminate that way
Int 21h
Mov DI,Offset ScreenHold ; Destination of screen
Mov CX,[ScreenSize] ; Size of screen
Push DS ; Save Source Segment
Lds SI,[ScreenAddr] ; Get screen address
Rep Movsb ; Move in the bytes
Pop DS ; Restore Source Segment
; Get Keyboard Key and Decide on Action
; -------------------------------------
Call Home ; Read file in
Mov [ScreenStart],SI ; Set buffer address
KeyLoop: Call UpDateScreen ; Write file to screen
GetKey: Mov AH,8 ; Get key
Int 21h ; by calling DOS
Cmp AL,27 ; Check if ESC
Je Terminate ; If so, terminate
Cmp AL,0 ; Check if extended
Jnz GetKey ; If not, try again
Mov AH,8 ; Get extended code
Int 21h ; by calling DOS
Sub AL,71 ; Subtract Home key value
Jb GetKey ; If below that, not valid
Cmp AL,(81 - 71) ; Check if above PgDn
Ja GetKey ; If so, ignore it
Sub AH,AH ; Zero out top byte
Add AX,AX ; Double for word access
Mov BX,AX ; Offset in dispatch table
Mov SI,[ScreenStart] ; Set current buffer pointer
Call [Dispatch + BX] ; Do the call
Mov [ScreenStart],SI ; Set new buffer pointer
Jmp KeyLoop ; And update the screen
; Terminate -- Restore screen and close file
; ------------------------------------------
Terminate: Mov SI,Offset ScreenHold ; Address of Saved Screen
Les DI,[ScreenAddr] ; Address of Display
Mov CX,[ScreenSize] ; Number of characters
Rep Movsb ; Move them back
Mov BX,[FileHandle] ; Get File Handle
Mov AH,3Eh ; Close File
Int 21h
Int 20h ; Terminate
; Cursor Key Routines -- Home Key
; -------------------------------
Home: Sub BX,BX ; For zeroing out values
Mov AX,[FileOffset] ; Check if read in file
Or AX,[FileOffset + 2]
Mov [FileOffset],BX ; Zero out file address
Mov [FileOffset + 2],BX
Mov [HorizOffset],BX ; Zero out horizontal offset
Mov SI,Offset Buffer ; Reset buffer pointer
Jz Dummy ; Skip file read if in already
Mov DX,Offset Buffer ; Area to read file in
Mov CX,32768 ; Number of bytes to read
Call FileRead ; Read in file
Dummy: Ret
; Up and PgUp Keys
; ----------------
Up: Call GetPrevChar ; Get previous char in buffer
Jc UpDone ; If none available, finish
UpLoop: Call GetPrevChar ; Get previous char again
Jc UpDone ; if none, we're done
Cmp AL,10 ; Check if line feed
Jnz UpLoop ; If not, try again
Call GetNextChar ; Get char after line feed
UpDone: Ret
PgUp: Mov CX,Word Ptr [NumberLines] ; Number of lines
PgUpLoop: Call Up ; Do UP that many times
Loop PgUpLoop
Ret
; Left and Right Keys
; -------------------
Left: Mov [HorizOffset],0 ; Reset Horizontal Offset
Ret
Right: Mov AL,[ShiftHoriz] ; Get places to shift
Sub AH,AH
Add [HorizOffset],AX ; Move that many right
Ret
; End, Down, and PgDn Keys
; ------------------------
Ending: Mov BX,SI ; Save buffer pointer
Call PgDn ; Go page down
Cmp BX,SI ; Check if we did so
Jnz Ending ; If so, do it again
Ret
Down: Call GetNextChar ; Get next character
Jc NoMoreDown ; If no more, we're done
DownLoop: Call GetNextChar ; Get one again
Jc UpLoop ; If no more, find prev LF
Cmp AL,10 ; See if line feed
Jnz DownLoop ; If not, continue
NoMoreDown: Ret
PgDn: Mov CX,Word Ptr [NumberLines] ; Number of lines
PgDnLoop: Call Down ; Do DOWN that many times
Loop PgDnLoop
Ret
; Update Screen
; -------------
UpdateScreen: Push ES
Mov SI,[ScreenStart] ; Address of data in buffer
Les DI,[ScreenAddr] ; Address of display
Mov CX,ScreenSize ; Number of bytes in screen
Shr CX,1 ; Half for number of chars
Mov AL,' ' ; Will blank screen
Mov AH,[Attribute] ; With screen attribute
Rep Stosw ; Blank it
Mov AL,[LineLength] ; Length of display line
Sub AH,AH
Add AX,[HorizOffset] ; Add Horizontal Offset
Mov [RightMargin],AX ; That's right display margin
Sub DL,DL ; Line Number
LineLoop: Sub BX,BX ; Column Number
Mov AL,[LineLength] ; Use Line Length
Mul DL ; and Line Number
Add AX,AX ; to recalculate
Mov DI,AX ; display destination
Add DI,[ScreenOff] ; Add beginning address
CharLoop: Call GetNextChar ; Get next character
Jc EndOfScreen ; If no more, we're done
And AL,[WSMode] ; Will be 7Fh for WordStar
Cmp AL,13 ; Check for carriage return
Je CharLoop ; Do nothing if so
Cmp AL,10 ; Check for line feed
Je LineFeed ; Do routine if so
Cmp AL,9 ; Check for tab
Je Tab ; Do routine if so
Mov CX,1 ; Just 1 char to display
PrintChar: Cmp BX,[HorizOffset] ; See if we can print it
Jb NoPrint
Cmp BX,[RightMargin] ; See if within margin
Jae NoPrint
Mov AH,[Attribute] ; Attribute for display
Cmp [CheckRetrace],0 ; See if must stop snow
Jz WriteIt ; If not, skip retrace wait
Push BX
Push DX
Mov BX,AX ; Save character and attribute
Mov DX,[Addr6845] ; Set up I/O address
Add DX,6
RetraceWait1: In AL,DX ; Check until
Shr AL,1 ; vertical retrace
Jc RetraceWait1 ; ends
Cli ; Clear interrupts
RetraceWait2: In AL,DX ; Check until
Shr AL,1 ; vertical retrace
Jnc RetraceWait2 ; begins
Mov AX,BX ; Get back character & attr
Stosw ; Write to display
Sti ; Enable interrupts again
Pop DX
Pop BX
Jmp Short NoPrint ; Skip around "no snow" write
WriteIt: Stosw ; Write without retrace wait
NoPrint: Inc BX ; Bump up line counter
Loop PrintChar ; Do it CX times
Jmp CharLoop ; Then go back to top
Tab: Mov AX,BX ; Current column number
And AX,07h ; Take lower three bits
Mov CX,8
Sub CX,AX ; Subtract from 8
Mov AL,' ' ; Will print CX blanks
Jmp PrintChar
LineFeed: Inc DL ; Next line
Cmp DL,[NumberLines] ; See if down at bottom
Jb LineLoop ; If not, continue
EndOfScreen: Pop ES ; All done -- leave
Ret
; Get Next Character from buffer
; ------------------------------
; (Input is SI pointing to buffer, Returns AL, CY if no more)
GetNextChar: Cmp SI,[EndOfFile] ; See if at end of file
Jae NoMoreNext ; If so, no more chars
Cmp SI,Offset BufferEnd ; See if at end of buffer
Jb CanGetNext ; If not, just get character
Push CX ; Otherwise save registers
Push DX
Push DI
Push ES
Push DS ; Set ES to DS
Pop ES ; (could be different)
Mov SI,Offset BufferMid ; Move 2nd buffer half
Mov DI,Offset Buffer ; to 1st buffer half
Mov CX,16384
Sub [ScreenStart],CX ; New buffer pointer
Rep Movsb ; Move them
Mov SI,DI ; SI also buffer pointer
Add [FileOffset],32768 ; Adjust file addr to read
Adc [FileOffset + 2],0
Mov DX,Offset BufferMid ; Place to read file
Mov CX,16384 ; Number of bytes
Call FileRead ; Read the file
Sub [FileOffset],16384 ; Now adjust so reflects
Sbb [FileOffset + 2],0 ; 1st half of buffer
Pop ES ; Get back registers
Pop DI
Pop DX
Pop CX
Jmp GetNextChar ; And try again to get char
CanGetNext: Lodsb ; Get the character
NoMoreNext: Cmc ; So CY set if no more
Ret
; Get Previous Character from buffer
; ----------------------------------
GetPrevChar: Cmp SI,Offset Buffer ; See if at top of buffer
Ja CanGetPrev ; If not, just get character
Mov AX,[FileOffset] ; See if at top of file
Or AX,[FileOffset + 2]
Jz AtTopAlready ; If so, can't get anymore
Push CX ; Save some registers
Push DX
Mov SI,Offset Buffer ; Move 1st half of buffer
Mov DI,Offset BufferMid ; to 2nd half of buffer
Mov CX,16384
Add [ScreenStart],CX ; New buffer pointer
Rep Movsb ; Do the move
Sub [FileOffset],16384 ; Adjust file addr for read
Sbb [FileOffset + 2],0
Mov DX,Offset Buffer ; Area to read file into
Mov CX,16384 ; Number of bytes
Call FileRead ; Read the file
Pop DX ; Get back registers
Pop CX
Jmp Short CanGetPrev ; Now get character
AtTopAlready: Stc ; CY flag set for no more
Ret
CanGetPrev: Dec SI ; Move pointer back
Mov AL,[SI] ; Get the character
Clc ; CY flag reset for success
Ret
; Read CX bytes from the file into DX buffer
; ------------------------------------------
FileRead: Push AX ; Save some registers
Push BX
Push CX
Push DX
Mov [EndOfFile],-1 ; Initialize this
Mov DX,[FileOffset] ; Get file address to read
Mov CX,[FileOffset + 2]
Mov BX,[FileHandle] ; Get file Handle
Sub AL,AL ; Do LSEEK from beginning
Mov AH,42h ; LSEEK call
Int 21h
Pop DX ; Get back destination
Pop CX ; Get back count
Mov AH,3Fh ; Read file function call
Int 21h
Jnc NoReadError ; If no error, continue
Sub AX,AX ; Otherwise read zero bytes
NoReadError: Cmp AX,CX ; See if 32K has been read
Je GotItAll ; If so, we're home free
Add AX,DX ; Otherwise add to buffer addr
Mov [EndOfFile],AX ; And save as end of file
GotItAll: Pop BX
Pop AX
Ret
; File Buffer and Screen Hold Areas
; ---------------------------------
Buffer Label Byte ; Area for file reads
BufferMid equ Buffer + 16384 ; Halfway through it
BufferEnd equ BufferMid + 16384 ; At end of it
ScreenHold equ BufferEnd ; Area for holding screen
CSEG EndS ; End of segment
End Entry ; Denotes entry point


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